One way of measuring this imbalance is through the gender pay gap, which shows the difference between the average gross hourly earnings of men and women expressed as a percentage of the average gross hourly earnings of men. It is calculated for enterprises with 10 or more employees.
In 2019, women's gross hourly earnings were on average 14.1% below those of men in the EU. This varied among the EU Member States, with the highest differences observed in Estonia (21.7%), Latvia (21.2%), Austria (19.9%) and Germany (19.2%).
On the other end of the scale, the differences were smallest in Luxembourg (1.3%), Romania (3.3%), Italy (4.7%) and Belgium (5.8%). /BGNES